Breaking Silence On Osteoporosis. .

By Peter Jumba

 Breaking Silence On Osteoporosis.


Source: Google Images 


"Essential guides for learner nurses on critical medical and obstetrical emergencies (DKA, SE, Haemorrhage)."


Osteoporosis is a chronic condition characterized by reduced bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures. It's often called a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms until a fracture happens.


Signs and Symptoms:

Early on, osteoporosis often has no noticeable symptoms. The first sign for many people is a bone fracture from a minor fall or even a cough. As the disease progresses and bones weaken, more apparent signs and symptoms may include:



  • Loss of height over time.


  • A stooped or hunched posture (kyphosis).


  • A bone fracture that happens more easily than expected, often in the hip, wrist, or spine.


Prevalence:

Osteoporosis is a global health problem. It's estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide. A staggering 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over the age of 50 will experience a fracture due to osteoporosis in their lifetime. By 2050, the worldwide incidence of hip fractures is projected to increase by 310% in men and 240% in women.

Source: Google.


Treatment:

Treatment for osteoporosis focuses on slowing bone loss, promoting bone formation, and preventing fractures. Treatment options may include:


Medications:

Bisphosphonates:

 These are the most common drugs used, and they slow down the rate of bone breakdown. Examples include alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid.


Hormone-related therapies:

 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) like raloxifene can mimic estrogen's effects on bone density in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may also be used for younger women.


Bone-building medications:

 These drugs, such as teriparatide and romosozumab, stimulate new bone growth and are typically reserved for those with severe osteoporosis.


Lifestyle modifications:


Nutritional interventions:

 Ensuring adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements is crucial for bone health.


Weight-bearing exercise:



Nursing Considerations

Nurses play a vital role in the management and education of patients with osteoporosis. Key nursing considerations include:


Fall prevention:

 This is paramount. Assess the patient's home environment for hazards like loose rugs, poor lighting, and clutter. Encourage the use of assistive devices, like canes or walkers, as needed.


Pain management:

 Assess and manage pain, especially if the patient has had a fracture. This can include administering prescribed pain medications and using non-pharmacological methods like heat or cold therapy.


Patient education:

 Educate the patient on the importance of adhering to their medication regimen, maintaining a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and participating in safe, regular exercise. Explain the disease process in a way the patient can understand and empower them to be active participants in their care.


Mobility and physical activity:

 Collaborate with physical and occupational therapists to develop a safe exercise program that improves strength, flexibility, and balance. Assist patients with ambulation and repositioning to prevent skin breakdown if mobility is limited.


Psychosocial support:

 Provide emotional support as patients may experience fear, anxiety, or a sense of loss of independence.


Call to Action:

Take action today: Schedule a bone health check at your nearest health facility!

Location: Nairobi Nairobi, Kenya

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